Wednesday, 13 June 2012
Wars sparked by autonomous programs? Cyber experts warn of 'intelligent weapons' - Brisbane Times
Tuesday, 12 June 2012
Dual nationality case: Malik given one day to satisfy court - Khaleej Times
The Supreme Court has rejected the documents submitted by Interior Minister Rehman Malik and gave him one day to prove that he has renounced his British citizenship.
The minister’s failure in satisfying the court by showing the receipt of the payment made to forgo his British citizenship may cause him to lose his membership in the parliament.
“You are showing us the form,” said Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry to the minister’s counsel, Chaudhry Azhar. “Show us the declaration renouncing his (British) citizenship.” The court also directed Attorney General (AG) Irfan Qadir to write to the national and provincial assemblies for information regarding lawmakers with dual nationalities.
news@khaleejtimes.com
Monday, 11 June 2012
Haj corruption case: Hamid Kazmi indicted - Khaleej Times
A special court on Wednesday indicted former minister for religious affairs Hamid Saeed Kazmi in the Haj corruption case.
Special Judge Central Khalid Shabbir indicted Kazmi, former director general (Haj) Rao Shakeel Ahmad and former joint secretary (Haj) Raja Aftabul Islam in the case.
The three pleaded not guilty before the court which subsequently adjourned the hearing to June 5.
The judge also issued summons for 10 witnesses to appear before the court at the June 5 hearing.
Speaking to media representatives outside the court, the indicted former minister said that he was disappointed with the developments and said he hoped that reality would come out in due time.
Kazmi added that Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) officials had said that they were under significant pressure from certain quarters.
Kazmi is accused of corruption in arranging residential accommodation for Pakistani Haj pilgrims in Saudi Arabia in 2010.
news@khaleejtimes.com
When in India, act decent - Hindustan Times
Hindustan Times Group Shine HT Media HT Syndication HT Tenders Hindustan Media Ventures Ltd. Desimartini HT Classifieds Fever 104 HT Campus Ask HT
New Delhi, May 20, 2012
First Published: 16:31 IST(20/5/2012)
Last Updated: 00:18 IST(21/5/2012) Share more... Comments Tweet
Popstar Lady Gaga who recently claimed that the Government of Philippines has asked her to ‘tone down’ her moves for her Manila tour that starts today, was apparently given similar instructions when she visited India in October last year.
“They have to behave very differently when performing in India, including changing their dress sense, dance moves and what they say on-stage,” says an organiser of such concerts, wishing to stay anonymous. Sujit Jain, MD, Netsurf Entertainment, who organised shows for Bryan Adams and Akon in India, says, “We had to explain the Indian sensibilities to the celebs and make it a part of the agreement that no act or action would be contrary to the same.”
Ayush Bansal of P3P who got Pitbull to India, adds, “Female artists are particularly asked to dress decently keeping the Indian sentiments in mind. We also ask them not to comment on Indian culture, religion, poverty and politics to avoid any misleading statements.”
Our desi heroines may wear revealing gowns that leave little to imagination, but the advice given to most international celebrities performing here, is to wear demure clothes by Indian designers. “Unlike in the west, they have to abstain from using religious symbols on their dresses in India. We encouraged both Lady Gaga and Katy Perry to wear Indian designers, because they would anyway not design anything offensive to Indians. Gaga wore a Tarun Tahiliani sari, which her stylist adapted and draped to suit Gaga’s typical style,” says Anjula Acharia Bath, CEO of desihits.com which brought Lady Gaga to India.
A big no no
Revealing outfits
Indecent dance moves
Raunchy lyrics
Donning religious symbols
Talk about poverty
Any political statement
more from this section MJ wanted to marry me: Brazil’s TV hostDidn't know it was a rave party: Shilpa SaklaniThanks for making me smile more» Share more... Comments Tweet
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latest movies rating DepartmentWhat to Expect When Youre ExpectingDr. Seuss' The LoraxIshaqzaadeJannat 2 more » Movies Bollywood Hollywood Movie Reviews #footerx1 { position: fixed;bottom: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;z-index:9999;} Advertisement Send Flowers and Gifts to India News | Views | Business | Cricket | Entertainment | Tech | Travel | Books | Photos | Video | Blogs | Events | Weather | ePaper | ask ht | HT Syndication | Movies | Jobs in india | back to top About us | Contact us | Work with us | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Sitemap | Print ad rates Copyright © 2012 HT Media Limited. All Rights Reserved. - #footerAdd {position: fixed;bottom: 0;width: 980px;height: auto;z-index:9999;} Sunday, 10 June 2012
Pop music organisers ask international stars to conform to India's cultural norms - Times of India
Saturday, 9 June 2012
Baby boy for Shilpa Shetty - Hindustan Times
Husband Raj was by Shilpa’s side during her labour,
and witnessed his son being born at dawn. The ecstatic dad tweeted, “God has blessed us with a beautiful baby boy. Both mother and baby are fine. I am thrilled to bits! A big thank you to my wife @TheShilpaShetty for the bestest gift ever, Dr Kiran Cohelo and all the staff at Hinduja Hospital!Thank you all for your love and wishes. Both mum and baby K are resting. Our parents now turn grandparents.” (sic)
Says Shilpa’s mother, Sunanda Shetty, “The baby is beautiful, lovely. Shilpa is doing well too. We are absolutely delighted to be grandparents now.” Sunanda adds that it’s too early to think of a name for the baby as they are revelling in his birth for now.
Shilpa has been married to Raj, a London-based businessman, for three years now and this is their first child.
Congratulatory messages started pouring in from the industry. Riteish Deshmukh tweeted,“Congratulationnssson the arrival of the bundle of joy.” Others wishing the
couple included actors Bipasha Basu, Neil Nitin Mukesh, Sameera Reddy and R Madhavan.
Tuesday, 5 June 2012
Masters Table Tennis League: Asim and Ayesha win titles - Pakistan Daily Times
Staff ReportLAHORE: Asim Qureshi of Pakistan WAPDA won the men?s singles title of the Chromatex Maters Table Tennis League after beating Salman Virk of PWD in a thrilling final at Chromatex Hall here on Monday. Asim, who lost second and fourth sets, won 4-2 with the score-line of 11-8, 7-11, 12-10, 8-11, 11-9, 11-8, displaying controlled shots and aggressive serve.
?I lost concentration in the second and fourth sets after winning the first with ease and comfort. But I did not lose my confidence and staged a comeback,? said Asim after the final.
The women?s singles crown went to Ayesha Iqbal who defeated Mehmooda Haider in an all WAPDA final. The score-line was 11-6, 11-8, 7-11, 11-9, 11-6. After winning the first two sets, Ayesha seemed in hurry to warp up the match in straight sets and lost concentration that helped Mehmooda to take advantage and win the third set. Ayesha displayed good planning, serve and volley game to overcome her rival in the next two sets to win the match 3-2. ?It was not an easy win, but I am happy that I made a comeback mainly due to my determination and confidence. I am delighted to win the title,? said Ayesha.
Asim received a glittering trophy and cash prize of Rs.25,000 and Ayesha pocketed received similar cash prize and a trophy from chief guest Abdul Shakoor. Also present on the occasion were Lahore District Table Tennis Association Shahjahan Latif, Punjab Table Tennis Association vice president Sabah Waris and organising secretary Abdul Qayuum Khan.
Home | SportWest Indies no walkovers, says Andrew Strauss - Times of India
Monday, 4 June 2012
ANALYSIS: India in Afghanistan — Azizullah Khan - Pakistan Daily Times
It is widely believed (in Pakistan) that India will create troubles from across Afghanistan in Pakistan. However, I think, not necessarily. India?s main objective is economic progressIn Afghanistan, India has tactfully intertwined her interests with the interests of Afghans, thereby making it costlier for other states to strike at it. India is expanding her influence in Afghanistan through taking part in its reconstruction and rehabilitation, which is at present the prime need of Afghans. Doing so, she not only won their hearts and minds but also made them feel obliged to show deep concern with her reconstruction projects. Any state that might attempt to stop India from expanding her influence through reconstruction can do so only at the risk of antagonising Afghans and pushing them more strongly in her camp.
India?s policy towards Afghanistan is the embodiment of the ?soft power approach?. Soft power, in the crude sense, is the capacity of a state to influence others without twisting arms, threatening or compelling; in other words, it is the capacity to attract the target people and make them do your bidding. India is quite successful in this regard. She has carved a niche for herself in the minds of Afghans, which is allowing her influence in the war-torn country. She is perhaps the most-favoured state among Afghans, who view her as a state that is truly positive regarding them. Due to their destructive interference in Afghanistan, other regional states have a bad name with Afghans. India?s good reputation is also justified by the history of Indo-Afghan relations. With the exception of the Taliban era, both the states have had cordial relations, partly because of their hostility towards Pakistan. (The Taliban were hostile towards India due to her tacit support to the Northern Alliance, which was fighting against them.) As the Taliban are considered pariahs of Afghan society, therefore the exception has added trust to the relationship.
India has generously embroiled herself in the reconstruction of Afghanistan. She is building dams, colleges, schools, hospitals and drilling tube wells. Besides that, she is training soldiers of the Afghan National Army (ANA), and giving scholarships to almost a thousand Afghan students every year. The most important of all the construction projects are the 220 km (135 miles) road linking landlocked Afghanistan with a port in Iran and the Salma Dam Power Project, which will generate 42 MW in Herat province. India has also built the new Afghan Parliament. Overall, she has pledged $ two billion for the reconstruction, which has earned India the deep gratitude of Afghans.
India is not investing money in Afghanistan out of altruistic sentiment; she sees Afghanistan as a passage and gateway to Central Asia, which is not only sitting on a sea of oil (which India needs for its economy), but have a large market that India would like for her goods. Along with that, she can potentially challenge presumably expansionist China, and tame Pakistan from Afghanistan, being contiguous with both. India shares these interests with the US, which is the main reason behind the close Indian-US collaboration in Afghanistan.
What would happen to the Indian achievements if the Taliban came to power in Afghanistan? This question would be certainly looming large in India?s calculations but she has good reason to remain confident. First, observers of Afghanistan believe that the Taliban are now transformed. Having been dealing with the issues of war and peace for a decade, they have now developed diplomatic and strategic sense. They have relieved themselves of tribal simplicity like believing that a guest is a guest ? be it Osama bin Laden, Gul Khan or Allah Ditta. Secondly, if this belief is right, then the recent US-Afghan Strategic Partnership (SPA) must have made the Taliban realize that they cannot come to power militarily. Were they to come to power, they could only do so through an all-inclusive political arrangement. Leaders from all strata of Afghan society will be given equitable representation, in which case the Taliban will not be Taliban but bearded politicians of Afghanistan. In both cases, there is a greater possibility that India will maintain and build on her achievements in Afghanistan.
It is widely believed (in Pakistan) that India will create troubles from across Afghanistan in Pakistan. However, I think, not necessarily. At present, India?s main objective is economic progress, and she is projecting herself as a responsible regional power so she will not be so silly as to attract potential obstacles to her objectives by creating troubles for Pakistan. There is a possibility that once gone forward, she will not look back towards Pakistan.
But Pakistan, like every other state of the world, cannot leave its security at the mercy of its opponent. Pakistan has to adjust its sails for the potential storm. As an independent and sovereign state, it can adopt any policy, any strategy, subject to passing the cost-benefit analysis test. The US, due to its long ten-year stay in Afghanistan, cannot be kept out of the equation. Owing to the negativities associated with Pakistan, it has been continuously ignoring its (Pakistan?s) genuine interests at stake in Afghanistan. If she keeps up with this policy, there is a possibility that Pakistan will veto the whole process of rehabilitation and reconstruction of Afghanistan. Lest it happen, the US should satisfactorily address all genuine interests of Pakistan.
What can be the best strategy or policy for Pakistan to counter India in Afghanistan? To do what India is doing in Afghanistan. To take a leaf from the Indian policy book for Afghanistan. All other options are outdated, counterproductive and undesirable.
The writer is a freelance columnist. He can be contacted at khetranazk@gmail.com
Home | EditorialSaturday, 2 June 2012
Hindu temple stormed in Peshawar - Pakistan Daily Times
The attackers burnt images and took away idols from the temple in the Gor Gattri area, police said. They fled the scene after the incident. No immediate claim of responsibility was made.
The custodian of the temple said it was the third such attack. He told police that when he arrived at the temple, he found around eight men burning images and sacred books. Members of Hindu community expressed concern over the incident and demanded immediate action against the miscreants. online
Home | NationalFriday, 1 June 2012
Obama refuses to meet Zardari: Reports - Economic Times
Sunday, 27 May 2012
Qamar warns aggressive defaulters to clear arrears - Pakistan Daily Times
By Zeeshan Javaid
ISLAMABAD: Federal Minister for Water and Power Naveed Qamar on Monday warned aggressive defaulters of the power sector to pay their arrears under the head of electricity bills and announced to form a special recovery team full of arms to tackle the defaulters, who retaliate against recovery officers.
Qamar said this while addressing Islamabad Electric Supply Company?s (IESCO) headquarter in a meeting hosted by Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Hydro Labour Union (WHLU).
He said that the country has been facing treacherous power load shedding and major reason of lesser power generation came up with financial constraint, adding, ?To trickle down the financial constraint, the government will ensure recoveries from power sector defaulters by using all means and handle retaliated defaulters by recovery force beset with weapons.
The Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) has yet to ascertain any comprehensive strategy to recover its estimated receivables amounting to Rs 360 billion from public holding offices as well as other power consumers.
Sources familiar to the latest development informed Daily Times that more than Rs 360 billion became overdue towards public holding offices of central and provincial governments along with local power consumers that create hurdles to minimise the circular debt volume of power sector.
According to estimates of PEPCO, an amount of more than Rs 39 billion is due on Sindh province, Rs 18 billion towards Balochistan, Rs 5 billion to Punjab, Rs 10 billion towards Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Rs 16 billion is due in the account of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province against electricity billing.
Sources further revealed that dues of the federal ministries have been increased up to bulk level of Rs 40 billion, while provinces and other federal institutions are defaulters of power sector up to Rs 80-90 billion, the power sector also claimed that central government has been providing electricity to AJK on cheap prices, while since the last couple of years, the AJK government didn?t pay any single chunk to the Centre.
Interestingly, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) allowed the line losses up to 14 percent, however the negligence of power managers seemed helpless to control and draft the concrete policy to control the increasing losses and power theft cases in some specific regions of power distribution companies.
In the light of figures disclosed by the Central Power Purchase Agency (CPPA), the average annual loss of Rs 90 billion has been observed having no justification by the power managers, however interestingly this loss is besides to T&D losses allowed by NEPRA up to 13-14 percent. Qamar also dispelled the impression of privatisation of power sector giants including power distribution companies of WAPDA as well as thermal power generation companies as announcing, ?federal government is not interested to privatise any power sector?s public holding company?.
He said that the government has decided to implement the cut on all sectors in the upcoming budget for fiscal year 2012-13 as well as development scheme under Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) for the same fiscal year and invest money in power sector to resolve the ongoing energy crisis.
To culminate the public grievances of power load shedding, he added that federal government decided to shift over power generation through coal despite of using highly cost fuel base power generation. He announced bonuses for employees of all nine power distribution companies, hardship allowance for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, increase Employee Son Quota up to 33 percent from 20 percent and appointment of chief executive officers of power distribution companies after consultation of Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani.
PEPCO DUES:
Sindh Rs 39 billion
Balochistan Rs 18 billion
Punjab Rs 5 billion
KP Rs 16 billion
AJ&K Rs 10 billion
Home | BusinessSaturday, 26 May 2012
US ruling won't affect Samsung's Tab sales - Korea Times

Samsung Electronics’ Galaxy Tab 10.1By Kim Yoo-chul
Samsung Electronics said Tuesday it will continue to sell its 10.1-inch tablet PCs ? Galaxy Tab ? in the United States despite an appeals court’s ruling Tuesday that revived Apple’s bid to bar the sales of Galaxy Tab there.
Samsung, the world’s biggest technology company by revenue, simply downplayed the effects of the ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit for the sale of its tablets and stressed the company will push its distribution channels to sell the devices.
The court ruled Monday that Apple could push for its bid for an immediate injunction to bar the sale of some tablet computers made by Samsung Electronics. It sent the case back to the district count for further review.
``The decision doesn’t mean that Samsung should stop selling the Tabs, immediately. This isn’t a preliminary injunction,’’ said Samsung said in a statement.
``We don’t think the latest ruling from the United States is unfavorable for us. We will prove that Apple’s claims are totally groundless by using all our legal power. Samsung will keep our intellectual properties,’’ according to the statement.
This isn’t the first time that the Cupertino-based Apple tried to block the sale of the Samsung tablet, with a previous case in Germany, which led to Samsung modifying the tablet and another in Australia.
Earlier, a German court made a favorable ruling to Apple. Shortly after, Samsung changed the bezel, location of speaker grills and name of the original Galaxy Tab 10.1 as part of its strategy to avoid the injunction in Germany.
It’s uncertain whether Apple will demand an immediate block on Samsung tablet sales.
If Apple presses for a ban, that could be seen as a signal that it will continue litigation against Samsung. But if Apple holds off, it could imply that Apple is willing to compromise with Samsung, ending the patent war.
Apple spokesman Steve Park declined to comment on the issue.
Since last year, Samsung has been engaged in a legal battle with Apple in 10 different countries and 30 different cases after Apple claimed that Samsung copied the design of Apple’s iPhones and iPads.
Although Samsung was late in the market for smartphones, the Korean company rose to become the world’s biggest smartphone maker last year thanks to Samsung’s undeniable competitive edge in manufacturing.
Samsung has confirmed that its Chief Executive Choi Gee-sung will meet Apple CEO Tim Cook on May 21 in a San Francisco courtroom to discuss a possible patent settlement.
If the companies fail to reach an agreement, the case will proceed to trial in late July, according to Samsung officials. A Samsung spokeswoman declined discussing the possibilities of the settlement, however, added there could be some breakthrough from the top meeting.
``We call Samsung’s current `mass customization’ strategy is far better than Apple’s `single customization’ strategy as the market for smartphones is booming. Therefore, chances are low that Apple will press its ban on Samsung tablets,’’ said Lee Sae-chul, an analyst at Meritz Securities.
Lee said Apple has stronger intent to sign a peace treaty in order to collect royalties from Samsung as early as possible as Apple’s top management believes a continued fight with Samsung is only going to hurt its business strategy.
The local brokerage said Samsung will continue its status as the world’s top smartphone vendor in the second quarter thanks to Samsung’s expanded product lineup.
Likewise, Apple is soon to release its next iPhone, which may or may not be the iPhone 5, in the latter half of this year, according to officials.
Tuesday, 22 May 2012
Nursing ethos must return - Times LIVE
A patient is attended to by a nurse in the emergency wing October 24, 2011. Image by: NOOR KHAMIS / REUTERS
They believe that more needs to be done to improve the standard of training of nurses and the standard of care.
South Africa has an average of one nurse for every 428 patients. Medical experts, unions and the government agree that that is thousands too few.
That figure might be even worse because many of the 118262 registered nurses either do not work or work overseas.
The warnings were sounded on International Nurses' Day at a ceremony to rename the South African Nursing Council building in honour of South Africa's first black nurse, Cecilia Makiwane.
Director-general of health Precious Matsoso said: "Naming the building after Cecilia Makiwane means we are entrenching her principles of discipline."
Health Department spokesman Fidel Hadebe said the shortage of nurses was due to the closure of more than 100 nursing colleges 15 years ago, the growing burden of disease and emigration.
Democratic Union of Nursing spokesman Asanda Fongqo said the shortages have had adverse effects on healthcare.
"Though the government is addressing staff shortages, it must also improve working conditions."
The shortage has affected both public and private healthcare.
Healthcare experts are also concerned about the quality of nursing.
But Dr Karl le Roux, chairman of the Rural Doctors' Association, said shortages could not continue to be used as an excuse. "We can improve and work better with what we have," he said.
"Nurses need to re-examine their roles as caring professionals.
"Many people think nurses don't care and that is damaging the profession," Le Roux said.
He said that, though he had worked with some remarkably dedicated and proficient nurses over the years, the growing perception was that the quality of nursing had declined.
"In some cases, nurses are burned out from heavy workloads and from a system that is broken.
"In other cases there is a culture of disdain."
Zee Brickles, Netcare's nursing services general manager, said not all nurses practised the profession with the dignity they had promised.
"There are many who are dedicated but there is still a need to rediscover the nursing ethos."
He said people looking for a stable job were attracted to nursing without necessarily having a vocation for it.
"We must recruit properly. We should not look only at school results but at whether candidates have a calling for nursing."
Nurse of 41 years Daleen du Plessis said nursing was a vocation and not just a job.
"I always knew I wanted to be a nurse. Nursing is about caring for the sick. Unfortunately, some now see it simply as a job."
Brickles and Le Roux called for better management of nurses. Le Roux said the discipline of years ago had declined.
"We need a combination of support, encouragement and accountability," he said.
Brickles said nurses needed mentoring. "Something has gone terribly wrong."
Saturday, 19 May 2012
31 injured, 7 hospitalized after Spanish GP fire - Khaleej Times
Thirty-one people were injured and seven hospitalized after a fire erupted inside Formula One team Williams? garage after its driver Pastor Maldonado won the Spanish Grand Prix on Sunday.
Governing body FIA said 31 people were treated by Catalunya Circuit medical staff with seven of those flown out to a variety of hospitals to receive treatment.
Catalonia’s regional government said in a statement that one of the persons was airlifted to Barcelona hospital with serious burn wounds while the rest were being treated at local hospital for smoke inhalation.
Williams confirmed a fuel leak caused the problem, with four of its staff treated for injuries. Three of those remained in hospital.
F1 team Caterham said in a statement that four team employees were among those taken to the Catalunya Circuit medical center to be examined, one with a minor hand injury and three with respiratory issues.
The fire erupted soon after Maldonado and the team had taken the traditional victory photo in front of the team garage with members of all teams close by rushing to help contain the blaze.
“The FIA is collaborating closely with the Spanish authorities investigating this incident,” FIA said.
Williams team principle Frank Williams, who is a paraplegic, was rushed from his wheelchair as he was giving a celebratory speech for a first F1 victory in eight years that coincided with the longtime team principal’s 70th birthday celebrations.
A black, acrid haze came flowing out of the British team’s garage, filling the paddock and pit lane.
Mechanics and circuit firefighters were quickly on the scene to put out the fire with an ambulance on the scene treating one person for what appeared to be smoke inhalation.
Williams driver Bruno Senna’s car was torched by the blaze, while Maldonado’s car was alongside fellow podium finishers cars away from the Williams garage.
Thursday, 17 May 2012
'Avengers' sets second box-office record with $103.2m - Times of India
Tuesday, 15 May 2012
ANALYSIS: Re-reading Manto — Navid Shahzad - Pakistan Daily Times
Historically speaking, society at large is fiercely territorial in its attempts to safeguard what it believes to be the norm. The artist as deviant, chronicler or prophet is always a threatDuring his centennial year, one is struck by the force of his ironic prose, couched in a deceptive simplicity that remains as fresh as when it was first written. Manto?s wry, sardonic humour is aimed as much at himself as it is at the ?establishment? and much of what he writes takes on a special relevance in contemporary Pakistan.
The move from Bombay to Lahore a few months after the partition of one of the great land masses of the world left Manto crippled by poverty, shadowed by notoriety and bitterly unhappy.
Yet, these debilitating circumstances (including his own failing health) did not prevent him from writing. Apart from his better known plays and fiction, Manto offers a prolific store of lesser known but admirable prose in which the persona of the writer is unabashedly presented as the perpetually broke, struggling writer. It is a portrait that is the very antithesis of the romantic image so often pandered to in film and story by lesser writers.
Manto lived, as he graphically describes it himself, in a state of constant flux. During his early Bombay days after he left Amritsar where he was briefly a student of Faiz, the filthy kholi that he calls home ?rains? bedbugs and has only two bathrooms for 40 families. His immediate challenge, as he explains in Meri Shaadi is to arrange for accomodation for his bride who is expected to join him after a year long engagement. His efforts range from unabashed begging for long overdue remuneration for his scripts to resorting to the kindness of friends to lend him a few pieces of furniture. The writings offer a riveting contrast to our own taken-for-granted easy access to creature comforts which, in large measure ostensibly contribute to the ?civilised man?s? sense of civility and sanity.
Much of Manto?s life reads like a roller coaster running off track. From periods of debilitating poverty to periods of excess, where in his own words he spent ?hundreds of thousands of rupees? during his successful stint as editor of Mussawir and scriptwriter at Bombay Talkies, where he befriended the likes of Ashok Kumar, through to the bitter years of want in Lahore, where he died penniless. Manto was dogged by a sense of his own destiny.
Chronicling his years in Bombay lurching from one unpaid job to the next in the city that presently sells dreams to millions, Manto records the story of an embryonic film industry starting to find its feet. The wry details he surrenders about the travails of the Bombay film industry and his sorrow at the death of the Lahore film studios as well-known artists and directors left for India make excellent historical reading. In this respect, the writer?s value as a social historian has been largely overlooked and merits some research into the film history of the subcontinent.
It is unfortunate that Manto?s stature as a literary figure, or a social historian by default, has been sadly overshadowed by an overriding sense of moral outrage at the overtly sexual content of his work. Censured and forced to leave the Progressive Writers Movement, Manto?s choice of content was defended only by Faiz ? on the basis of the right to freedom of speech and Sibt-e-Hasan who labelled the move an act of ?literary terrorism?! Neither India, nor Pakistan at a later stage were prepared to put up with a literary maverick?s efforts to expose the naked savagery that lies hidden under the thin veneer of our skins. Scratching the surface lets the beast loose as he proves with his highly shocking (at the time) work such as Khol do, Kaali Shalwar and Thanda Gosht ? narratives, which highlighted the insanity unleashed during the Muslim/Hindu exodus to their respective promised lands. Though sexual violence against women returns as a common theme in his writing, the piece de resistance remains the heartbreakingly masterful Toba Tek Singh, written after a particularly harrowing incarceration as an inmate of a lunatic asylum for purposes of ?drying out?.
Historically speaking, society at large is fiercely territorial in its attempts to safeguard what it believes to be the norm. The artist as deviant, chronicler or prophet is always a threat. Be it Gaugain, Picasso, Lawrence, Wilde, Ismat or Fehmida, challenges to our sense of propriety and attempts to fracture gender confines are punishable offences. Outraged sensibilities tried Manto half a dozen times for obscenity, both before and after 1947, but the writer, unlike Wilde and Lawrence, was never convicted.
As with many great creative geniuses, recognition proved elusive during Manto?s lifetime. Ironically, even the film Ghalib for which he had written the script b?came a blockbuster in India when it was released only after he had migrated to Pakistan. Always convinced of his own stature as a writer of import and writing for the most part as a dispassionate onlooker in a tone as bland as boiled rice, Manto could also be deliberately provocative, soliciting responses ranging from outrage to grudging admiration.
The college dropout, voracious reader and prolific writer, Manto produced a vast body of work. During his year-long stint with the Urdu service of All India Radio, Delhi (1941-42), he produced four collections of radio plays. Plays, short stories, fiction, translations, Manto tried his hand at all genres, including the elusive form of the essay. The majority view of Manto as a genius wasted by his own intemperance is at odds with what Manto produced. It takes enormous courage to live in abject poverty constantly tormented by one?s personal demons on a daily basis. In fact, one may well posit that it was this very intemperance that helped Manto dispassionately strip the thin skin of probity that society envelops itself in. Ghalib ?s own words evidence such an approach when he writes, Bey-mai kise hai, taaqat-e aashob-e aagahi (Without wine, who has the strength to counter the terror of awareness?).
It is this very strength which allows Manto to describe the brutality he sees around him in such graphic detail. The leitmotif that runs through much of his work is an extreme sensitivity to the cicatrice left by the partition of the subcontinent. In his literary and real life, responding to the maelstorm of violence unleashed by partition Manto writes, ?Don?t say that a hundred thousand Muslims and a hundred thousand Hindus died....say that two hundred thousand human beings died...Muslims thought that by killing Hindus they had killed the Hindu religion but it lives on. Hindus celebrated that they had destroyed Islam by killing a hundred thousand Muslims but Islam did not receive a scratch...religion, faith, belief, conviction, creed, all this resides not in the body but in the spirit. How can it be annihilated with knives and guns??
The measure of great art is always tested by time. The greater the work the more meaningful it becomes over the ages. While Manto?s literary stature is constantly debated, it is perhaps his humanism that is his legacy. ?Literature is either literature or not,? he writes. ?Man is either man or not, he cannot be a donkey or a house or a table...Saadat Hasan Manto is a human being and every human should be progressive.?
The writer is Academic Advisor Lahore Grammar School and can be reached at navidshahzad@hotmail.com
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